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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(3): e009921, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1341186

ABSTRACT

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected and endemic zoonosis that occurs throughout Brazil; nevertheless, few studies have focused on the early detection of the disease. The municipality of Ourinhos is a non-receptive, silent and vulnerable area for VL, where the seroprevalence of this disease has so far not been investigated. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine VL in Ourinhos-SP, and to identify the presence of risk factors. Blood samples were obtained from 604 dogs during a rabies vaccination campaign together with application of a socioeconomic questionnaire, environmental and animal characteristics and tutor's knowledge about the disease. The samples were subjected to indirect ELISA and new samples were collected from reactive and suspect animals, including whole blood and lymph node aspiration evaluated by parasitological method, complete blood count and PCR. No animal was diagnosed as positive based on the combination of direct and indirect tests and the tutors' answers indicated little knowledge about leishmaniasis, being often confused with other diseases transmitted by arthropods; hence, according to the proposed methods, the presence of canine leishmaniasis in the city of Ourinhos was not confirmed and health education campaigns about the disease should be carried out.


Resumo A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose negligenciada e endêmica presente em todas as regiões do Brasil, mas mesmo assim poucos estudos têm objetivado a detecção inicial da doença. O município de Ourinhos - SP é uma área não receptiva, silenciosa e vulnerável à LV, não havendo até o momento estudos que tenham investigado a soroprevalência no município. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a soroprevalência da LV canina em Ourinhos-SP, bem como associar a presença de fatores de risco. Amostras sanguíneas de 604 cães foram obtidas juntamente com a aplicação de questionário socioeconômico, características ambientais e dos animais e conhecimento sobre a doença. As amostras foram submetidas à sorologia por ELISA e novas amostras coletadas de cães reagentes ou suspeitos foram analisadas por método parasitológico direto, hemograma e PCR. Nenhum animal foi considerado positivo na combinação de testes direto e indireto, e as respostas dos tutores indicaram pouco conhecimento sobre a leishmaniose, sendo muitas vezes confundida com outras doenças transmitidas por artrópodes. Dessa forma, de acordo com os métodos propostos, a presença de leishmaniose canina, na cidade de Ourinhos, não foi confirmada. Por isso campanhas de educação em saúde sobre a doença deveriam ser realizadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(4): e011021, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1351874

ABSTRACT

Abstract Leishmaniases are zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease has two clinical manifestations described in humans: visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis. In Brazil, there has been an expansion of human VL. The participation of the dog as a reservoir of Leishmania infantum, the agent of VL, is important for the epidemiology of the disease since canine cases generally precede human cases. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs in the municipality of Ji-Paraná by PCR assays using blood samples. Leishmania DNA was detected in two of the 105 studied dogs. The PCR products were sequenced and confirmed that the two samples (1.90%) correspond to L. infantum. The dogs had allochthonous history. Therefore, the positive results found here should serve as a warning to public health agencies. This is because Ji-Paraná is the third municipality to register cases of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Rondônia state. Thus, reinforcing the importance of expanding studies on the epidemiology and surveillance of VL in the region.


Resumo As leishmanioses são doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. A doença apresenta duas manifestações clínicas: leishmaniose visceral (LV) e cutânea (LC). No Brasil, a LV está em expansão. A participação do cão como reservatório é importante para a epidemiologia da doença, pois os casos caninos geralmente precedem os humanos. O presente estudo avaliou a ocorrência de LV em cães (LVC) do município de Ji-Paraná por meio de ensaios de PCR, utilizando-se amostras de sangue. O DNA de Leishmania foi detectado em dois dos 105 cães estudados. Os produtos da PCR foram sequenciados e confirmaram que duas amostras (1,90%) eram Leishmania infantum. Os cães tinham histórico alóctone. Os resultados positivos encontrados servem de alerta aos órgãos públicos de saúde. Isso porque Ji-Paraná é o terceiro município a registrar casos de LVC no estado de Rondônia. Dessa forma, reforça-se a importância da ampliação dos estudos sobre a epidemiologia e vigilância da LV na região.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(4): e015021, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1351876

ABSTRACT

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis that mainly affects poorest and most vulnerable populations, and domestic dogs are considered to be the main source of infection to the vector and therefore humans. However, several studies have investigated the role of other vertebrate hosts in the disease cycle. In this context, the aim of the present study was to conduct a survey of Leishmania infantum infection in donkeys and mules living in a semiarid region of Brazil. Whole blood sampled from 72 equids (65 donkeys and 7 mules) was used to perform molecular diagnosis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. A total of 25% of the samples (18/72) were positive through qPCR, but there were no significant differences between the species (donkeys or mules), sex (male or female) and abandonment situation of the animals (yes or no). Donkeys and mules living under semiarid conditions have high frequency of L. infantum infection. It is therefore worth assigning importance to these species in the epidemiological cycle of visceral leishmaniasis, either as potential reservoirs or just as an abundant food source for vectors.


Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose parasitária que afeta principalmente populações mais pobres e vulneráveis, e os cães domésticos são considerados as principais fontes de infecção para o vetor e, portanto, para os humanos. Porém diversos estudos têm pesquisado o papel de outros hospedeiros vertebrados no ciclo da doença. Neste contexto, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento da infecção por Leishmania infantum em asininos e muares, vivendo em região semiárida do Brasil. Foi utilizado sangue total de 72 equídeos (65 asininos e 7 muares) para a realização de diagnóstico molecular por meio da técnica de Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR). Um total de 25% das amostras (18/72) resultaram positivas na qPCR, porém não houve diferença significativa entre as espécies (asininos e muares), sexo (macho e fêmea) e situação de abandono dos animais (sim ou não). Asininos e muares, vivendo em condições semiáridas, apresentam alta frequência de infecção por L. infantum, sendo válido atribuir importância a essas espécies no ciclo epidemiológico da leishmaniose visceral, seja como um reservatório em potencial, seja apenas como uma fonte alimentar abundante para os vetores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Dog Diseases , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Equidae
4.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49: Pub. 1817, 2021. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1363858

ABSTRACT

Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. The circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL). For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for L. infantum and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 ± 4.93; 13.41 ± 3.60, respectively) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 ± 5.13; 10.42 ± 3.69, respectively) (P = 0.015 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45 ± 3.76) than in healthy dogs (3.39 ± 1.19) (P < 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07, respectively) when compared to CD (2.36 ± 0.55) (P < 0.0001). As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in progressive inflammatory response. Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to Leishmania infantum. Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL. In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Biomarkers/blood , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/blood , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Dogs , Neglected Diseases/veterinary
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(3): e006621, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1288698

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o nível de exposição à infecção por Leishmania em cães errantes de uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Pernambuco. Amostras de sangue de 178 cães foram avaliadas por testes sorológicos e moleculares: teste imunocromatográfico (IC), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), teste de imunofluorescência de anticorpos (RIFI), reação em cadeia da polimerase convencional e quantitativa (cPCR e qPCR). Os valores de positividade obtidos com os testes sorológicos foram 71,4% (127/178), 70,2% (125/178) e 50,6% (90/178) com IC, ELISA e RIFI, respectivamente. E com 38,8% (69/178) dos cães mostraram-se simultaneamente positivos aos três testes. Os valores de positividade obtidos por cPCR e qPCR foram 20,2% (36/178) e 38,8% (69/178), respectivamente. E com 11,8% (21/178) dos cães foram positivos em ambos os testes moleculares. No geral, 87,1% (155/178) foram positivos para anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. e/ou material genético de Leishmania spp. A positividade a um ou mais testes foi estatisticamente associada à linfonodomegalia, lesões cutâneas, linfocitose, anemia e hiperproteinemia. Os resultados do estudo revelam um alto nível de exposição à Leishmania spp. em cães errantes em uma área de transmissão intensa de leishmaniose visceral humana, sugerindo que eles podem desempenhar um papel como reservatórios no ciclo de transmissão dessa zoonose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology
6.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(2): e023620, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251372

ABSTRACT

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution that has a major impact on public health. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of canine infection by Leishmania infantum, the factors associated with the infection and its spatial distribution in the municipality of Mãe D'Água, in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 150 dogs for diagnosis by the DPP®, ELISA-S7®, ELISA-EIE® and qPCR assays. The prevalence was calculated considering the positivity in at least two tests. SaTScan® was used for spatial analysis. The prevalence of canine infection with Leishmania was 18.6% (28/150), with the rural area being identified as a risk factor (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.93). The permanence of the dog loose during the night (OR = 0.33) and deworming (OR = 0.30) were identified as protective factors. A risk cluster was formed in the northern region of the urban area. Mãe D'Água showed a pattern of active transmission in the rural area, but VL control measures also need to be carried out in the urban area to prevent human cases and the spread of the disease in the risk zone.


Resumo A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose com distribuição mundial de grande impacto na saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência da infecção canina por Leishmania infantum, os fatores associados à infecção e sua distribuição espacial no município de Mãe D'Água, na região do Sertão da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 150 cães para diagnóstico pelos ensaios DPP®, ELISA-S7®, ELISA-EIE® e qPCR. A prevalência foi calculada considerando-se a positividade em pelo menos dois testes. O SaTScan® foi utilizado para a análise espacial. A prevalência da infecção canina com Leishmania foi de 18,6% (28/150), sendo a zona rural identificada como fator de risco (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2,93). A permanência do cão solto durante a noite (OR = 0,33) e a vermifugação (OR = 0,30) foram classificadas como fatores de proteção. Um cluster de risco foi formado na região Norte da área urbana. Mãe D'Água apresentou um padrão de transmissão ativa na área rural, porém medidas de controle da LVC também precisam ser realizadas na área urbana para evitar casos humanos e a dispersão da doença na zona de risco.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary
7.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(2): e027920, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251376

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate a methodology for active surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis by detecting Leishmania DNA in organs of wild road-killed animals from November 2016 to October 2018 in the North of Paraná, Brazil. The collection points of road-killed wild animals were georeferenced. The animals were autopsied and samples of bone marrow, lymph node, liver, spleen, and ear skin were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR for amplification of Leishmania spp. 18S, kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA), HSP70, and ITS1 genes, and DNA sequencing was performed. The primers used for the amplification of kDNA, ITS1, and HSP70 genes presented non-specific results. Of the 66 mammals collected from 24 different municipalities, one Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) presented DNA of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes by 18S PCR. DNA sequencing confirmed the results of the subgenus, Viannia, identification. We suggest using the methodology showed in the present study in the active and early surveillance of visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area.


Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar uma metodologia de vigilância ativa da leishmaniose visceral por meio da detecção de DNA de Leishmania em órgãos de animais silvestres atropelados, de novembro de 2016 a outubro de 2018, no Norte do Paraná, Brasil. Os pontos de coleta dos animais silvestres atropelados foram georreferenciados. Os animais foram autopsiados e amostras de medula óssea, linfonodo, fígado, baço, e pele de orelha foram coletados. DNA genômico foi extraído e submetido à PCR para amplificação de quatro diferentes regiões de Leishmania spp.: 18S, kDNA, HSP70 e ITS1, sequenciamento de DNA foi realizado. Os iniciadores utilizados para a amplificação dos genes kDNA, ITS1 e HSP70 apresentaram resultados inespecíficos. Dos 66 mamíferos coletados em 24 diferentes municípios, um tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) apresentou DNA de Leishmania spp. em linfonodo na PCR, que amplificou o gene 18S. O sequenciamento de DNA confirmou o resultado e demonstrou a presença do subgênero Viannia. Sugere-se o uso da metodologia apresentada no presente estudo na vigilância ativa e precoce da leishmaniose visceral em área não endêmica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Mammals
8.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(2): e001321, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251377

ABSTRACT

Abstract Trypanosomatids are uniflagellate protozoa belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family. The genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are of paramount importance as they contain species that cause serious diseases, such as Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively. The objective of the present study was to identify trypanosomatids present in the whole blood of free-living and captive neotropical primates in Mato Grosso State, Midwest Brazil. Between 2017 and 2019, 38 blood samples were collected from seven different neotropical primate species in seven cities in the state. Through molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, nine Leishmania spp. [seven L. infantum and two L. (Leishmania) amazonensis] and two Trypanosoma spp. (T. minasense and T. rangeli) were identified. This study contributes to understanding the occurrence and epidemiology of trypanosomatids in Mato Grosso State and the importance of neotropical primates as trypanosome hosts and possible infection sources for other animals and humans. Future identification of other blood pathogens in neotropical primates will assist in disease control and prevention strategies.


Resumo Tripanossomatídeos são protozoários uniflagelados pertencentes à família Trypanosomatidae. Os gêneros Trypanosoma e Leishmania são de suma importância por conterem espécies causadoras de doenças graves, como doença de Chagas e Leishmaniose, respectivamente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar tripanossomatídeos presentes no sangue total de primatas neotropicais de vida livre e cativos no Estado de Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Entre 2017 e 2019, foram coletadas 38 amostras de sangue de sete diferentes espécies de primatas neotropicais em sete cidades do Estado. Foram identificados por meio de técnicas moleculares, incluindo reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), para amplificar um fragmento do DNA do cinetoplasto (kDNA) e do gene do RNA ribossômico 18S (rRNA 18S), sequenciamento e análise filogenética, nove Leishmania spp. [sete L. infantum e dois L. (Leishmania) amazonensis] e dois Trypanosoma spp. (T. minasense e T. rangeli). Este estudo contribui para o entendimento da ocorrência e epidemiologia dos tripanossomatídeos no Estado de Mato Grosso e a importância dos primatas neotropicais como hospedeiros tripanossômicos e possíveis fontes de infecção para outros animais e humanos. A identificação futura de outros patógenos do sangue em primatas neotropicais ajudará no controle de doenças e em estratégias de prevenção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Trypanosoma/genetics , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Phylogeny , Primates , Brazil
9.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(2): e022620, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251390

ABSTRACT

Abstract Efforts to control a zoonotic disease such as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum can be successful if they rely on comprehensive data on animal infection. In Bahia state, Brazil, human VL is endemic, yet some areas have no epidemiological data on canine L. infantum infection and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) to date. We aimed to perform an epidemiological study describing the spatial distribution and characterizing canine L. infantum infection in two districts of the municipality of Muritiba, where human cases have occurred. Brazilian official serodiagnostic protocol (ELISA and immunochromatographic tests), PCR and clinical examination were performed in 351 owned dogs. A seroprevalence of 15.7% (55/351) was found, and L. infantum identified in 88.8% (32/36) of PCR tested samples. Spatial distribution of positive dogs indicated infection in both urban and rural districts. There was no association between seropositivity and sex or breed, but dogs older than 2 years were 3.8 times more likely to be seropositive (95% CI 1.57 - 9.18) than younger dogs. Among seropositive dogs, 80% (44/55) had clinical manifestations of CanL: 75% (33/44) presented dermatopathy, 50% (22/44) emaciation, and 29.5% (13/44) ophthalmopathy. This is the first report on canine seroprevalence and natural L. infantum infection in Muritiba, Bahia.


Resumo O sucesso dos esforços para controlar uma doença zoonótica como a leishmaniose visceral (LV), causada por Leishmania infantum, depende de dados abrangentes sobre a infecção animal. Na Bahia, Brasil, embora a LV humana seja endêmica, diversos municípios, como Muritiba, ainda não dispõem de dados epidemiológicos sobre infecção por L. infantum e leishmaniose canina (LCan). Objetivou-se realizar um estudo epidemiológico para descrever a distribuição espacial e caracterizar a infecção canina por L. infantum em dois distritos de Muritiba, onde notificam-se casos humanos. Foi aplicado o protocolo sorodiagnóstico oficial brasileiro (ELISA e imunocromatografia), PCR e exame clínico em 351 cães domiciliados. Encontrou-se uma soroprevalência de 15,7% (55/351) e positividade de 88,8% (32/36) na PCR para L. infantum. A distribuição espacial dos cães positivos indicou infecção em ambos os distritos, urbano e rural. Não houve associação entre soropositividade e sexo ou raça, mas cães com idade acima de 2 anos foram 3,8 vezes mais soropositivos (IC 95% 1,57 - 9,18). Dentre os cães soropositivos, 80% (44/55) apresentavam manifestações clínicas de LCan: 75% (33/44) apresentavam dermatopatia; 50% (22/44) emagrecimento e 29,5% (13/44) oftalmopatia. Este é o primeiro estudo a determinar a soroprevalência e confirmar a circulação natural de L. infantum e LCan em cães de Muritiba.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Antibodies, Protozoan , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cities , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary
10.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(1): e022020, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156230

ABSTRACT

Abstract Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by over 20 species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Infection is commonly spread by sandflies and produces a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. Therefore, from an epidemiological and therapeutic standpoint, it is important to detect and differentiate Leishmania spp. The objective of this study was to combinate in silico and in vitro strategies to evaluate the analytical specificity of primers previously described in the literature. According to electronic PCR (e-PCR) analysis, 23 out of 141 pairs of primers selected through literature search matched their previously reported analytical specificity. In vitro evaluation of nine of these primer pairs by quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed the analytical specificity of five of them at the level of Leishmania spp., L. mexicana complex or Leishmania and Viannia subgenera. Based on these findings, the combination of e-PCR and qPCR is suggested to be a valuable approach to maximize the specificity of new primer pairs for the laboratory diagnosis of infections with Leishmania spp.


Resumo As leishmanioses são zoonoses causadas por mais de 20 espécies de protozoários do gênero Leishmania. As infecções são comumente disseminadas por flebotomíneos e causam um amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas. Portanto, a detecção e diferenciação de espécies de Leishmania são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico e terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo foi combinar estratégias in silico e in vitro para avaliar a especificidade analítica dos primers descritos anteriormente na literatura. De acordo com a PCR eletrônica (e-PCR), 23 dos 141 pares de primers selecionados por meio de pesquisa da literatura estavam de acordo com a especificidade analítica anteriormente relatada. A avaliação in vitro de nove desses pares de primers, por PCR quantitativa (qPCR), confirmou a especificidade analítica de cinco deles ao nível de espécie de Leishmania, do complexo L. mexicana ou dos subgêneros Leishmania e Viannia. Com base nos resultados, sugere-se que a combinação de e-PCR e qPCR é uma abordagem valiosa para a validação e maximização da especificidade de novos pares de primers para o diagnóstico laboratorial de infecções com Leishmania spp.


Subject(s)
Animals , Psychodidae , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania/genetics , Computer Simulation , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , DNA, Protozoan , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
11.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(3): 201-207, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1132444

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cysteine proteinases are well-known virulence factors of Leishmania spp. with demonstrated actions in both experimental mouse infection and human infection. However, studies on these enzymes in canine leishmaniasis are scarce. Here, we show, for the first time, the reactivity of sera from dogs living in an endemic area to a recombinant protein from the COOH-terminal region of cysteine B protease. In this work, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed using a 14 kDa rcyspep protein obtained through a pET28-a expression system in Escherichia coli. First, 96-well plates were coated with rcyspep (500 ng/well) and incubated with sera from dogs (1:100). Subsequently, IgG antibody detection was performed using rabbit anti-dog IgG antibodies conjugated with peroxidase. Sera from dogs (n = 114), including suspect (n = 30) and positive (n = 50) dogs from a leishmaniasis-endemic area and dogs from a nonendemic area, (n = 34), negative for leishmaniasis, were assessed. The results showed that sera from the suspect (42%) and positive (68%) groups responded differently to the antigen titers tested above the cut-off (Optical Density = 0.166). This finding suggests that the immune response detected against cyspep may be related to clinical disorders present in these animals. Collectively, the data gathered here suggest that cyspep can sensitize the immune systems of dogs from a leishmaniasis-endemic area to elicit a humoral response, an immunological parameter indicating the contribution of this protein in host-parasite interaction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Mice , Rabbits , Leishmaniasis/blood , Dog Diseases/blood , Cysteine Proteases/blood , Leishmania , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Antibodies, Protozoan , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum , Cysteine , Leishmaniasis, Visceral
12.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 29(4): e018020, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144232

ABSTRACT

Abstract Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum. Serological methods are the most common diagnostic techniques used for the diagnosis of the CanL. The objective of our study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of one in-house ELISA kit (ELISA UNIZAR) and three commercially available serological tests (MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH) including an immunochromatographic rapid test (FASTest LEISH®), an immunofluorescent antibody test (MegaFLUO LEISH®) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MegaELISA LEISH®), using latent class models in a Bayesian analysis. Two hundred fifteen serum samples were included. The highest sensitivity was achieved for FASTest LEISH® (99.38%), ELISA UNIZAR (99.37%), MegaFLUO LEISH® (99.36%) followed by MegaELISA LEISH® (98.49%). The best specificity was obtained by FASTest LEISH® (98.43%), followed by ELISA UNIZAR (97.50%), whilst MegaFLUO LEISH® and MegaELISA LEISH® obtained the lower specificity (91.94% and 91.93%, respectively). The results of present study indicate that the immunochromatographic rapid test evaluated FASTest LEISH® show similar levels of sensitivity and specificity to the quantitative commercial tests. Among quantitative serological tests, sensitivity and specificity were similar considering ELISA or IFAT techniques.


Resumo A leishmaniose canina (Lcan) é uma causada pela Leishmania infantum. Os métodos sorológicos são as técnicas diagnósticas mais utilizadas para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose canina. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi estimar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de um kit ELISA interno (ELISA UNIZAR) e de três testes sorológicos disponíveis comercialmente, feitos pelo mesmo fabricante (MEGACOR Diagnostik GmbH), incluindo um teste rápido imunocromatográfico (FASTest LEISH®), um teste de anticorpos imunofluorescentes (Megafluo LEISH®) e um ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (Megaelisa LEISH®), utilizando-se modelos de classe latentes numa análise bayesiana. Foram incluídas duzentas e quinze amostras de soro. A maior sensibilidade foi alcançada para Fastest LEISH® (99,38%), ELISA UNIZAR (99,37%), Megafluo LEISH® (99,36%) seguida por Megaelisa LEISH® (98,49%). A melhor especificidade foi obtida por FASTest LEISH® (98,43%), seguida por ELISA UNIZAR (97,50%), enquanto Megafluo LEISH® e Megaelisa LEISH® obtiveram a menor especificidade (91,94% e 91,93%, respectivamente). Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que o teste rápido imunocromatográfico, avaliado por FASTest LEISH® mostra níveis similares de sensibilidade e especificidade aos testes comerciais quantitativos incluídos. Entre os testes sorológicos quantitativos, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram semelhantes, considerando-se as técnicas de ELISA ou IFI.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Serologic Tests/standards , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Latent Class Analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Bayes Theorem
13.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 790-796, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057980

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. IgG anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a cut-off value of 1:40. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genetic material of Leishmania spp. in the blood samples. The presence of antibodies against FIV and antigens of FeLV was evaluated using an immunochromatographic test. Seropositivity for Leishmania spp., FIV, and FeLV was observed in 14/91 (15.38%), 26/91 (28.57%), and 3/91 (3.29%) cats, respectively. All samples gave negative results on PCR analysis. Based on these data, no significant statistical association was observed between seropositivity for Leishmania spp., and sex, age, presence of clinical signs, evaluated risk factors, and positivity for retroviruses. These findings demonstrated for the first time that cats from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, are being exposed to this zoonosis and might be part of the epidemiological chain of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.


Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp., e sua associação com o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV), em felinos domésticos provenientes de uma área endêmica no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, para a leishmaniose visceral canina e humana. Noventa e um gatos foram submetidos a exame clínico completo e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Um questionário epidemiológico foi feito para investigar fatores de risco. Anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania spp. foram identificados por meio da imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), adotando-se como ponto de corte a diluição de 1:40. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi executada visando detectar o material genético de Leishmania spp. a partir de amostras de sangue total. Para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra o FIV e antígenos do FeLV foi utilizado um teste imunocromatográfico. Observou-se soropositividade em 14/91 (15,38%), 26/91 (28,57%) e 3/91 (3,29%) animais para Leishmania spp., FIV e FeLV, respectivamente. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na PCR. Baseado nestes dados, não foi observada nenhuma associação estatística significativa entre a soropositividade para Leishmania spp. e gênero, idade, presença de sinais clínicos, fatores de risco avaliados e positividade para as retroviroses. Esses achados demonstram pela primeira vez que felinos da cidade Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, estão sendo expostos a esta zoonose, sugerindo que os mesmos podem estar participando da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão da leishmaniose visceral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/immunology , Leukemia Virus, Feline/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Endemic Diseases
14.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 574-581, Oct.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057998

ABSTRACT

Abstract Leishmaniases are a group of diseases of zoonotic importance caused by over 20 species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania, in which domestic dogs are considered to be the main reservoir for the disease. However, the involvement of other vertebrates as reservoirs for these parasites has also been investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on occurrences of leishmaniasis in equids. The case reports described animals with cutaneous symptoms of leishmaniasis (papules, nodules, ulcers or crusts) that regressed spontaneously, located mainly on the head and limbs, from which three species of protozoa were identified in the lesions: Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania siamensis. In turn, the meta-analysis showed a combined prevalence of 25%, although with high heterogeneity among the studies, which was attributed to the use of different methods for diagnosing the disease. Leishmaniasis in equids is a benign disease but it should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous diseases among these species. Seroepidemiological studies are important in investigating and monitoring suspected exposure of these hosts to the parasite, especially in endemic areas. However, there is also a need to standardize diagnostic methods.


Resumo As leishmanioses são um grupo de doenças de importância zoonótica causadas por mais de 20 espécies de protozoários do gênero Leishmania, sendo o cão doméstico considerado o principal reservatório da doença. No entanto, diversas pesquisas têm investigado o envolvimento de outros vertebrados como reservatórios do parasita. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise da ocorrência de leishmaniose em equídeos. Os relatos de caso descreviam animais com sintomas cutâneos de leishmaniose (pápulas, nódulos, úlceras, crostas) que regrediam espontaneamente, localizadas principalmente na cabeça e membros, sendo identificadas três espécies do protozoário nas lesões: Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum e Leishmania siamensis. Por sua vez, a meta-análise evidenciou uma prevalência combinada de 25%, porém com alta heterogeneidade entre os estudos, atribuída às diferenças nos métodos utilizados no diagnóstico da doença. A leishmaniose em equídeos é uma doença benigna, porém deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças cutâneas nessas espécies. Os estudos soroepidemiológicos são importantes para investigar e monitorar a suspeita de exposição desses hospedeiros ao parasita, principalmente em áreas endêmicas, porém há necessidade de padronização dos métodos de diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Horses/parasitology , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Disease Reservoirs , Leishmania/classification
15.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 39(2): 278-290, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011440

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Knowledge of the geographical distribution of Leishmania species allows guiding the sampling to little-studied areas and implementing strategies to define risk zones and priority areas for control. Objective: Given that there is no publication that collects this information, the search, review, and compilation of the available scientific literature that has identified species in Colombia is presented in this paper. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, SciELO and LILACS with the terms "(Leishmania OR Leishmaniasis) AND species AND Colombia", without restrictions on publication year, language or infected organism; records of national scientific events and repositories of theses from Colombian universities were also included. Results: Eighty-six scientific documents published between 1985 and 2017 were found in which the species of Leishmania and their geographical origin were indicated. The species reported, in descending order of frequency, were: Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (Leishmania) infantum, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (L.) mexicana, L. (V.) colombiensis, L. (V.) lainsoni and L. (V.) equatorensis; the last three were found with the same frequency. Leishmania species were reported from 29 departments. Conclusion: Information on the distribution of Leishmania species in Colombia is limited; therefore, it is necessary to gather existing data and propose studies that consolidate the distribution maps of Leishmania species in Colombia. This would allow the detection of areas where species have not been identified as well as the comparison of existing parasite and vector distributions.


Resumen Introducción. El conocimiento de la distribución geográfica de las especies de Leishmania permite orientar el muestreo hacia áreas poco estudiadas e implementar estrategias para detectar zonas de riesgo y áreas prioritarias de control. Objetivo. Dado que no existe una publicación que reúna esta información, se planteó la revisión y compilación de la literatura científica disponible de estudios de identificación de especies del país. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Académico, SciELO y Lilacs con los términos "(Leishmania OR Leishmaniasis) AND especie AND Colombia", así como en memorias de eventos científicos nacionales y repositorios de tesis y trabajos de grado de universidades del país. Resultados. Se encontraron 86 documentos científicos publicados entre 1985 y 2017, en los cuales se informaron la especie de Leishmania y el origen geográfico. Las especies circulantes reportadas, en su orden de frecuencia, fueron: Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (Leishmania) infantum, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (L.) mexicana, L. (V.) colombiensis, L. (V.) lainsoni y L. (V.) equatorensis, las últimas tres, con igual frecuencia. Los reportes proceden de 29 departamentos. Conclusión. La información de la distribución de las especies de Leishmania en Colombia es limitada. Por lo tanto, se necesita reunir los datos existentes y plantear trabajos que permitan consolidar el mapa de distribución de las especies en el país, lo cual permitiría detectar las zonas sin información de las especies circulantes y establecer la concordancia entre su distribución y la de los vectores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Leishmania , Parasitology/methods , Psychodidae/parasitology , Species Specificity , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/parasitology , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Colombia , Geography, Medical , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmania/classification , Mammals/parasitology
16.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180133, 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041574

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dogs play an epidemiological role in several vector-borne diseases that affect human and animal health worldwide. We aimed to identify rickettsial circulation among dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) from a region endemic for both diseases. METHODS: CVL-seropositive dogs were screened for spotted fever group rickettsiae using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Among the CVL-positive dogs, anti-Rickettsia rickettsii antibodies were identified in one asymptomatic and one oligosymptomatic dog. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows low circulation of antibodies to R. rickettsii in CVL-seropositive dogs. It is recommended that surveillance studies in dogs should continue in order to monitor this scenario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dogs , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/diagnosis , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Endemic Diseases/veterinary , Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data , Dog Diseases/epidemiology
17.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(2): 232-236, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042468

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study were to detect antibodies anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi in two different populations of domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus) from North Paraná referred for surgical castration and to determine which characteristics of the animals studied may be associated with seropositivity. Serum samples from 679 cats were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in series. Associations between age, sex, race, year of care and animal group were verified using the simple logistic regression. Percentage of 8.5% (58/679) of cats were positive for Leishmania spp. and 7.6% (51/673) for T. cruzi by the tests ELISA and IFAT. Animals collected by non-governmental animal protection organizations presented more seropositivity for Leishmania spp. (p<0.0001). Results shown that Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi are present in domestic cats in the northern part of the state of Paraná, as well as, owners of non-governmental animal protection organizations may be more exposed to leishmaniasis when compared to other animal owners evaluated in the present study.


Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi detectar a presença de anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania spp. e anti-Trypanosoma cruzi em duas populações de gatos domésticos (Felis catus domesticus) do Norte do Paraná encaminhados para castração cirúrgica e determinar quais as características dos animais estudados que podem estar associadas à soropositividade. Amostras de soro de 679 gatos foram analisadas utilizando-se os testes imunoenzimático (ELISA) e a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), em série. Associações entre idade, sexo, raça, ano de atendimento e grupo animal ​​foram verificadas usando regressão logística simples. Um percentual de 8,5% (58/679) dos gatos apresentou positividade para Leishmania spp. e 7,6% (51/673) para T. cruzi pelos testes ELISA e RIFI. Gatos mantidos em organizações não governamentais de proteção animal apresentaram maior sororeatividade para Leishmania spp. (p<0.0001). As sorologias reativas para Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi mostram que esses agentes estão presentes em gatos domésticos na parte norte do estado do Paraná, bem como, os proprietários de organizações não governamentais de proteção animal podem estar mais expostos à leishmaniose quando comparados com outros proprietários de animais avaliados no presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cat Diseases/blood , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Cats/parasitology , Chagas Disease/veterinary , Leishmania/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis/blood , Leishmaniasis/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chagas Disease/blood , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Risk Assessment
18.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(7): 781-784, jul. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895475

ABSTRACT

A leishmaniose é uma zoonose de caráter endêmico que acomete diferentes espécies animal, dentre elas os cães. Como auxílio no diagnóstico e prognóstico do paciente é rotineiramente solicitado o hemograma, que é caracterizado por uma anemia do tipo normocítica e normocrômica. Os valores de volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular médio (CHCM) são os padrões utilizados para a classificação da anemia, no entanto, nos últimos anos começou-se a utilizar a amplitude de distribuição de diâmetro dos eritrócitos (RDW) para diferenciar as anemias em regenerativas e arregenerativas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar os valores de RDW e do VCM com a citometria eritrocitária em cães com leishmaniose. Foram colhidos sangue de 19 cães de diferentes raças e idades. As amostras sanguíneas foram processadas em equipamento automático para obtenção dos valores de VCM e RDW e posteriormente confeccionados esfregaços sanguíneos para contagem e medição de cem células eritrocitárias de cada lâmina. Para avaliar a dispersão entre os valores de hemácias utilizou-se o coeficiente linear de Pearson. Os valores de RDW mostraram-se mais sensíveis a anemia do que o VCM, quando comparados a citometria eritrocitária.(AU)


Leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis that affects different animals species, among them the dogs. As an aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient is routinely asked the CBC, which is characterized by anemia normocytic and normochromic type. The mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) are the standards used for the classification of anemia, however, in recent years begun to use the amplitude diameter distribution of red blood cells (RDW) to distinguish anemias in regenerative and arregenerativas. This study aims to compare the RDW and MCV values with the erythrocyte cytometry in dogs with leishmaniasis. blood of 19 dogs of different breeds and ages were collected. The blood samples were processed in automatic equipment to obtain the MCV and RDW and later made blood smears for counting and measuring erythrocyte hundred cells from each slide. To evaluate the dispersion between the RBC values used the linear coefficient of Pearson. The RDW were more sensitive to anemia than VCM as compared with erythrocyte cytometry.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Erythrocyte Indices/veterinary , Erythrocyte Volume/veterinary , Hematocrit/veterinary , Flow Cytometry/veterinary
19.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(4): 416-419, 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-912054

ABSTRACT

In Brazil dipters of the Lutzomyia genus are the main vectors of leishmaniasis for humans and animals. However, other hematophagous insects such as ticks, fleas, and horse flies may also be considered potential vectors of this protozoon. This paper, regarding an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, is the the first description of the Leishmania spp. presence in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Two A. aegypti mosquitoes were captured: one of them was feeding on a polysymptomatic dog with leishmaniasis, confirmed by parasitic demonstration and positive PCR for Leishmania spp., and the other was collected in the environment where the dog was isolated. The mosquito engorged with dog's blood was crushed between two microscopic slides and the other one was processed by the polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) searching for the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA. Amastigote forms of Leishmania sp, were observed in the smear prepared from one mosquito by microscopic examination, as well as other protozoa's flagellated forms. In the other insect it was observed Leishmania DNA amplification. This observation reinforces the role of dogs as sources of infection of Leishmania spp. even to other potential vector species.(AU)


No Brasil, os dípteros do gênero Lutzomyia são os principais vetores da leishmaniose para humanos e animais. No entanto, tem sido constatado que outras espécies de invertebrados hematófagos, como carrapatos, pulgas e mutucas, também podem ser vetores desse protozoário. Este trabalho, realizado em uma área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral, é a primeira descrição da presença de Leishmania spp. em mosquitos da espécie A. aegypti. Dois mosquitos A. aegypti foram capturados no local onde estava isolado um cão polissintomático acometido por leishmaniose visceral, confirmada pela demonstração do parasita em biópsias de órgãos e por resultado positivo na prova de PCR para Leishmania spp. Um dos mosquitos estava sugando o sangue do cão e o outro estava livre no ambiente. O mosquito ingurgitado com o sangue do animal foi esmagado entre duas lâminas de microscopia e o outro foi processado por meio da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) aplicada à pesquisa do ADN de Leishmania spp. Ao exame microscópico do esfregaço preparado com o mosquito que estava parasitando o cão foram observadas formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp., bem como formas flageladas de outra espécie de protozoário. No outro inseto foi detectada amplificação de ADN do gênero Leishmania. Esta constatação reforça o papel dos cães como fontes de infecção de Leishmania spp. até mesmo para outras espécies de vetores potenciais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Aedes/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis/etiology , Leishmaniasis/veterinary , Leishmania/isolation & purification , Disease Vectors , Flagella/parasitology
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(4): 1095-1098, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-868454

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to verify whether enalapril and captopril would reverse the renal damage caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate in C57BL/6 mice. We used inbred C57BL/6 female mice, obtained from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA. The mice were divided into four groups as follows: Group1: received saline by the intramuscular (IM) route; Group 2: received N-methylglucamine antimonate (IM); Group 3: received N-methylglucamine antimoniate and captopril; Group 4: was treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate and enalapril. Both enalapril and captopril were orally administered in drinking water (ad libitum). After 30 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were collected for histological analysis which showed that enalapril completely reversed the edema, the podocytes hyperplasia and nucleus of the epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules caused by N-methylglucamine antimoniate. On the other hand, the captopril treatment partially inhibited kidney harmful effects caused by N-metilgucamina antimoniate. Taken together, we would conclude that enalapril and captopril reverse edema and renalhyperplasia caused by N-methylglucamine antimonate in mice.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/veterinary , Leishmaniasis/veterinary
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